![]() For peace of mind, consider running a dedicated security solution at all times to fend off the wide range of threats making the rounds in today’s digital landscape. Last year, security flaws of a similar severity were used to infect high-profile targets with Predator spyware, proving the importance of updating Chrome – and indeed all your apps and devices – with the latest security fixes the moment they’re available.īitdefender strongly recommends that netizens always keep all their software updated with the latest security patches issued by the vendor, regardless of device or OS. It supports all operating systems Windows, macOS, Android, iOS, and especially Linux. ZeroTier is the name you won’t be aware of, but it is one of the most popular and best Hamachi-like app in for creating your very own virtual LAN gaming server. Zero-day security flaws – ones found to be exploited in the wild before the vendor catches wind of the weakness – present an important opportunity for bad actors in targeted attacks. Check the list of 5 Cool Discord Bots that you can try. Chromium-based browsers like Edge, Brave, Opera, and Vivaldi are also receiving the fix. If you use Chrome, it’s highly recommended that you deploy this fix sooner rather than later. Apple customers are not impacted by these newly discovered weaknesses, so they don’t have to do anything this time around. ![]() The mobile version of the popular web browser gets the same fixes in version 1.230 on Android devices. The vulnerability was reported to Google by an anonymous source on Jan. “Google is aware of reports that an exploit for CVE-2024-0519 exists in the wild,” reads the notice.Įxploiting the flaw, described as an “out of bounds memory access” issue in Chrome’s V8 JavaScript engine, could let a motivated attacker bypass protection mechanisms and improve their chances of chaining together various flaws to execute code on the target device. One of them, tracked as CVE-2024-0519, is said to be actively exploited by threat actors. ![]() The release includes four security fixes, all of “high” importance. Google is addressing the first critical security issue in Chrome of the year with the release of important updates for desktop and mobile users.Īn advisory published yesterday by the technology giant says Chrome has been updated to version 1.234 for Mac, version 1.224 for Linux, and version 1.224/225 for Windows, “which will roll out over the coming days/weeks.”
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![]() You can choose among the video editing apps that are suited and handy for your video-making. This way, you can control your entire content and effectively produce a quality video. And finally, always choose a beginner-friendly video editing app that does not require complex tools and methods for video production. Next, avoid wearing clothes and accessories that match the green screen so they will not be affected during editing. Prefer using brighter colors that can be easily identified and removed during the background editing process without affecting any other colors in your video. ![]() But you must consider some useful tips for changing video backgrounds.įirst, be mindful of choosing colors when filming. Luckily, one-click apps can do the entire video-making process for you. Part 4: Useful Tips For Changing Video BackgroundsĪdvanced video-making may seem complicated for beginners when using a complex technique like changing and blurring video backgrounds. You need to upgrade to a paid version to access unlimited features and more special tools. The only downside of BgRem is it limits the app’s full function in the free version. The app works well in any format, and you can download your video file in decent resolution up to 1080p. Also, you can add more creative elements such as funny stickers, text in different fonts, music to your projects, and move and resize any objects in the video. Upgraded Subscription costs $1.35 per minute.īgRem is an online editing platform that works well in making a transparent video background and replacing it with your desired background from the app’s media library or even with your own image and video. Supporting System: Available on any device To fully enjoy the app’s special features, you can subscribe to the KineMaster premium option to easily remove the watermark and access over a thousand Premium assets in the KineMaster Asset Store. You can save your file in high-quality 4K resolution at 60FPS or share your videos on social media like YouTube, TikTok, Instagram, Facebook, etc. You can add more animations, transitions, sound effects, mirroring effects, and even music for more creativity before finally exporting your video. The mask feature provides a blur shape in several geometrical patterns. You can add a Gaussian blur effect that can be repositioned, adjust the intensity, cropped, fix blur edges in feather level, and even put a mask option. The app has easy-to-use layer tools where you can apply any effect you prefer to add to your content. Its promising features help to create a high-quality video using simple techniques like blur video background effects. KineMaster is a full-fledged video editing app for Android and iOS devices. Pricing: Free Basic Features, Offers Premium Subscription and in-App purchases at $0.99 to $7.99 per item Supporting System: Requires Android 8.0 and up, Requires iOS 14.0 or later ![]() The event will then go behind the scenes to reveal more about the development of the upcoming Fables video game. Geoff Keighley announced that he will be hosting the half-hour stream and it will include the premiere of the first official trailer captured in-game. Featuring a creative mix of different genres as well as a fine balance between drama and action, Wu Xia is so far the best Hong Kong movie I have watched in 2011.If you've been waiting for more info on The Wolf Among Us 2, you'll be able to watch a 30-minute news event on February 9 that will reveal the first official trailer, as well as details on the upcoming sequel. Despite these minor flaws, the movie grabs me from beginning to end, not only because of the adrenalin-pumping action, but also the well-developed characters that the audience cares about. As for my suggestions for improvement, some insignificant details can be trimmed and Liu Jin-xi's change can be further developed. Their characters, albeit monochrome, look eerily menacing. Playing ruthless villains, Yu Wang and Kara Hui deliver flawless performances. Still, he slightly underacts in the crying scene and the one in which he kills the butcher and his children. As for Donnie Yen, he is charismatic and his action is well-choreographed. Also, his attempt to speak the Sichuan dialect is comical. Detective Xu Baijiu, whose biggest battle lies within, is torn between his conscience and his blind faith in the law. ![]() In the movie, Takeshi Kaneshiro gives the most memorable performance, considering his dual role as his good self and his dark self. Thanks to the capable cast, the well-crafted script, the restrained costumes and the breathtaking setting, most characters are lifelike. ![]() Indeed, three-dimensional characters are more important than fancy fight scenes, so they take their time developing the characters in the movie. Peter Chan and Oi-wah Lam have grasped the key to writing a good story. Third, in some scenes, the candles glimmer in the darkness, which symbolically shows the struggle between good and evil in a human being. Moreover, in a fighting scene, Kara Hui's character can be seen through a cow's eye, which symbolically shows her ruthless character. ![]() Please note that cows, horses, flies and worms are shown in the movie and respect for animals is emphasized. Second, the difference between humans and animals is highlighted. Please note what happens to the villain at the end, which ridicules the unscrupulous legal system invented by humans. His blind obedience to the law contrasts sharply with the corrupt officials accepting bribes, which is a political satire. First, Detective Xu Baijiu believes that the law is more important than humanity. There are several intriguing things that are worth nothing. Wu Xia is a gripping story about the dark side of human nature. Contrary to my expectations, the movie is a fascinating fusion of a detective story, forensic science, action, humor, politics and family drama. Before watching Director Peter Ho-sun Chan's latest movie, Wu Xia, starring Donnie Yen, I expected to watch a typical martial arts movie. ![]() ![]() Stuxnet infects PLCs by subverting the Step-7 software application that is used to reprogram these devices. The worm initially spreads indiscriminately, but includes a highly specialized malware payload that is designed to target only Siemens supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems that are configured to control and monitor specific industrial processes. While it is not the first time that hackers have targeted industrial systems, nor the first publicly known intentional act of cyberwarfare to be implemented, it is the first discovered malware that spies on and subverts industrial systems, and the first to include a programmable logic controller (PLC) rootkit. Stuxnet, discovered by Sergey Ulasen from a Belarusian antivirus company VirusBlokAda, initially spread via Microsoft Windows, and targeted Siemens industrial control systems. If both the conditions are fulfilled, Stuxnet introduces the infected rootkit onto the PLC and Step7 software, modifying the code and giving unexpected commands to the PLC while returning a loop of normal operation system values back to the users. In the absence of either criterion, Stuxnet becomes dormant inside the computer. The worm then propagates across the network, scanning for Siemens Step7 software on computers controlling a PLC. ![]() It is typically introduced to the target environment via an infected USB flash drive, thus crossing any air gap. Stuxnet has three modules: a worm that executes all routines related to the main payload of the attack a link file that automatically executes the propagated copies of the worm and a rootkit component responsible for hiding all malicious files and processes, to prevent detection of Stuxnet. Targeting industrial control systems, the worm infected over 200,000 computers and caused 1,000 machines to physically degrade. Stuxnet reportedly ruined almost one-fifth of Iran's nuclear centrifuges. Stuxnet's design and architecture are not domain-specific and it could be tailored as a platform for attacking modern SCADA and PLC systems (e.g., in factory assembly lines or power plants), most of which are in Europe, Japan, and the United States. Stuxnet reportedly compromised Iranian PLCs, collecting information on industrial systems and causing the fast-spinning centrifuges to tear themselves apart. Exploiting four zero-day flaws, Stuxnet functions by targeting machines using the Microsoft Windows operating system and networks, then seeking out Siemens Step7 software. Stuxnet specifically targets programmable logic controllers (PLCs), which allow the automation of electromechanical processes such as those used to control machinery and industrial processes including gas centrifuges for separating nuclear material. The program, started during the Bush administration, was rapidly expanded within the first months of Barack Obama's presidency. Although neither country has openly admitted responsibility, multiple independent news organizations recognize Stuxnet to be a cyberweapon built jointly by the United States and Israel in a collaborative effort known as Operation Olympic Games. Stuxnet targets supervisory control and data acquisition ( SCADA) systems and is believed to be responsible for causing substantial damage to the nuclear program of Iran. Stuxnet is a malicious computer worm first uncovered in 2010 and thought to have been in development since at least 2005. ![]() This will result in approximately 50 colonies every day, taking 8 days to complete the 400 colony achievement with minimal farming interference. This involves two main steps, the first, declaring war on 50 players at a time and secondly colonizing. ***This script requires basic excel skills but I will sort of walk you through it*** You can achieve 400 colonies in 8 days with little effort and little effect on your farming. That’s where FOO’s colonization script comes in. Unfortunately it can be a very tedious process to collect 400 colonies. The colonization achievement provides a very meaningful buff in the treasure drop rate (think gem farming). Loop Categories ADV BOT - Gear Colonization Script I think next time I will try one at a time. My only problem was that I ran the whole script, so bob tried to get all my equipment to 12 for me – with about 800 delicates and 1500 flawless, he got half to 12. 3:5:de:4 means use 4 delicates for levels 3 to 5, and finally, 6:15:fl:4 is levels 6-15 use 4 flawless gems. 2:2:de:2 means use 2 delicate gems for level 3. 0:1:de:1 means use 1 delicate gem for level one. Obviously, first you are telling it to autostar. It looked like Greek to me at first, but it is pretty easy to decipher. This nifty script does it for you, providing you have gems.Īutostar cha 12 0:1:de:1 2:2:de:2 3:5:de:4 6:15:fl:4 With the lag, it has become almost impossible to star in game. ![]() But this time I reached the 1 part of pink by using ½ a part of Rose and ½ a part of Magenta. When creating my dye concoction I once again mixed 1 part pink to 5 parts conditioner. ![]() I also ordered Ion Color Brilliance in Rose, which is a premade pastel pink dye. Rather than risk another conditioner/shampoo mishap, I ordered Aussie Moist Conditioner, one of my all time favorite conditioners (complete with pump!). Check out my tutorial on how to remove hair color at home to find out how you can do the same! But after a week of DIY hair color removal techniques, I was back to platinum blonde and ready to try again. You’d think that would’ve dissuaded me from my quest for pink. How I Finally Got Pastel Pink Hair Using Ion Color Brilliance in Rose and Magenta Please learn from my mistake and don’t use shampoo to dilute your dye because you will end up with hot pink hair. Here is a picture with my sister documenting the moment I realized I seriously effed up: I thought a little makeup and hair styling might salvage my disaster, but to no avail. So where did I go wrong? Long story short, I realized I accidentally bought white shampoo instead of conditioner. To my dismay, the hot pink didn’t wash out. Panicked, I hopped in the shower and immediately tried scrubbing my head in shampoo under water as hot as I could stand. I marched on.Ĥ5 minutes in, I looked in the mirror. Some bleach, dish soap, olive oil and SOS pads later and my hands were no better off. Pastel dye should rinse right off your hands since it is a majority conditioner, but I ignored the warning signs that something was wrong. The color had stained my skin and it looked hot pink. Immediately after putting the dye in my hair I washed my hands. My hair after application…and a pink forehead My Hair Color Fail and How to Avoid It Pastels take longer to process because they are so diluted, so I planned to leave the color on my hair for two hours. I know you are supposed to paint the dye on your hair in sections, but like I said, I’m super unprofessional and so I just globbed it on by the handful (without gloves…don’t recommend) and worked it in like I was shampooing my hair. ![]() Make more than you think you’ll need because you don’t want to have a half-covered pink head when you realize you’re out of dye. You want the color in the bowl to be pretty close to the color you want your hair to be. The conditioner not only dilutes the color, but it also makes the dye go a lot further (I only used about ¼ tube this time around). I grabbed my mixing bowl and brush and whipped up a batch of dye using about 5 parts of conditioner to every 1 part of dye. Knowing this, I picked up a bottle of the cheapest white conditioner I could find at the store, which ended up being some 99-cent coconut-scented Suave.Īs soon as my package arrived, I ran over to my sister’s house for the moral support I needed to actually begin the process. To turn hot pink into a pastel color, you’ll need to add white until your desired level of lightness. But if you want to use Ion Color Brilliance for pastel pink hair, it is absolutely essential to mix this dye with some white conditioner in order to dilute it. If you want bright pink hair, this will do the trick. The best part? Aside from being super affordable and accessible, this line of dye comes as a pre mixed cream and is ready to use straight from the tube (No need for developer!). I heard good things about Ion Color Brilliance from some stylist friends of mine, so I ordered Ion Color Brilliance in Magenta, the most “pink” looking color I could find. Now, with all the boring stuff out of the way, let’s begin!įirst stop: Sally Beauty. Also, I’m not a professional stylist, but I’ve been researching techniques and dying my hair for 10 years–so I know a thing or two. It should be, at the very least, a pale yellow–like the inside of a banana–before attempting what I am about to show you. Let me start by saying that no matter how hard you try, you won’t be able to achieve pastel pink with any dye unless you have bleached your hair to the point of death. Here are the steps I took, what I learned and how to get the dusty rose locks of your dreams. I put my hair through the wringer, made mistakes and braved the unknown so you don’t have to. So, undeterred by horror stories of botched hair dye sessions with patchy results due to lack of experience, I decided on a whim to finally take the plunge. With suggestions from stylists, I felt confident I could achieve my pastel pink hair with Ion Color Brilliance Brights and Neon Brights. See my disclosure for more info.Īnother $200 salon visit was out of the question and it was time to take matters into my own (very unprofessional) hands. ![]() It isn't easy, as many WC teams find out on any given Because of this, chassis adjustments can become frustrating to figure out. There may be times when you may have to take two steps back to gain one stepįorward. Not appear at first to be in the best interest of your setup. For every action you take, there will be a counteraction that may You may have to "undo" another few adjustmentsĮlsewhere then go back to your original adjustment to get it just right. Lacking that one minor adjustment, it may be more involved that just adjusting one more component. If you feel your setup is close, yet seems to be Have to readjust another chassis component to so call "free" up your original adjustment. Because of this factor, you may not see as drastic a change in your adjustments after just one change. You may have other chassis adjustments that are not quite right masking the problems Produce the desired results right away as mentioned below. It is important to understand that for every adjustment you attempt, it may not One last thing I must mention before turning the wrenches. ![]() Right clicking an option brings up the description right away. All left & right references are viewed from the drivers position.īy holding your mouse over a setup option for a few seconds in the sim, you will be given a brief description of how that adjustment works The right side of the car is the passenger side. Whenever I bring up the left or side of the car I'm talkingĪbout the drivers side. These stand for right front, right rear, left front, & left rear respectively. Throughout this guide I will use the abbreviations RF,RR,LF,LR. On the contents you will be taken directly to the info your looking for. I've tried to make this guide simple to use & easy to understand. The information in this guide may change without notice. "ULTIMATE" Racing Car Chassis Setup Guide and Tutorial *Please help us out - DO NOT STEAL OUR HARD WORK and only Link to our pages instead of our files. Their dirty trail, thinking they are the only one that deserves what they get, as they grab at will whatever they want from whoever they choose to steal it from. They don't care what they do to others in It goes to show you, there are people out there without any clue. This guy was stupid enough that he was running a site that was being hosted on a server which comes with plenty of room for his filesĪlso, but he is sucking bandwidth off our site. Think about it for a bit.we open our doors and pay the bills and don't ask for any money ever, yet free and easy Reframe from uncivilized internet web page action. So, as we try to prevent this type of BS problem from continually happening, we kindly request to please do your best to This same person was charging money to visitors for access to pages and files and I'm sure other We had a person that was doing this and has the balls to place a copyright notice on his page for our graphics. Our serving company also works with us closely. There is a digital trail that sticks out in red among all the other entries and a person would have to beīlind not to notice. Ever heard of site logs? Our site logs show everything there isĪbout the site thieves and all connections to it, etc. It's not like we don't notice this stuff going on. This happens when the thieving website just continues to use your files right off your server because they apparentlyĪre not wise enough to change links in the stolen pages. ![]() Doesn't sound like a big deal until your site logs start show you may over use your bandwidth and then have to pay extra to On the other hand, we have had a couple down right web noobies bluntly take complete page codes, files, The issue and it gets corrected rather quickly. Most of the time we send a simple email with our site logs showing To get the occasional file leecher linking to our downloads instead of pages. We at have put in many many hours maintaining this site as well as paying it's bills. We allow you to have quick and easy access to everything we have to offer on our site and without nuisance things pestering you while your here. "One bad person can ruin it for everyone and that is just disrespectful" We continue to try and maintain an open door policy at, for everyone. NASCAR 2K3 Racing Season Garage 101 Guide Download. Shown above is a gaming expo fair in Europe that held a contest for the best gamer team in a newly released 1st shooter game The Most Complete Racing Car Chassis Setup Tutorial Guide Available Racing Car Chassis Setup Guide and Tutorial. The "ULTIMATE" Racing Car Chassis Setup Guide and Tutorial (We also arrange for home visits).įor more information, contact Tomese Elliott at or 41 ext. ![]() operates Head Start and/or Early Head Start programs in seven counties on the Lower and Upper Eastern Shore. Child development is supported through nurturing relationships among staff, parents, and children. Head Start promotes respectful, sensitive, and proactive approaches to cultural diversity. By building relationships among children, families, staff, and the community, we build a brighter future for tomorrow. Early intervention strengthens the ability of children and families to cope with school and their environment. Early Head Start and Head Start are family-centered success and early childhood education programs offered at no cost to qualifying families with children ages birth to 5 years old at more than 40 locations. The programs partner with families to find effective methods to deal with issues such as single parenting, illiteracy, homelessness, substance abuse, child abuse & neglect, domestic violence, and community violence. (Approximately 10% of the children served are diagnosed with disabilities). Parents of Head Start children are involved in all aspects of Head Start Program planning, development, and management.Ĭhildren in all programs are screened within the first 45 days of entry for health and developmental delays. We embrace the philosophy that parents and guardians are the most important. The primary goal of our Head Start is to prepare children for successful public school participation while providing them with a means of meting their developmental and nutritional needs. SCAP’s Early Learning programs make the most of a young child’s potential by offering child care and pre-school programs for 391 children from birth to kindergarten and their families in an environment that supports their cognitive and social-emotional development. The Head Start program is a comprehensive family development program for three and four year olds from families that meet federally established income guidelines. Head Start Programs promote the school readiness of children ages birth to five from low-income families by enhancing their cognitive, social, and emotional development. Additional training support is provided in health, nutritious meals, breastfeeding, school readiness, and shared community resources. HEAD START, EARLY HEAD START & CHILD ADULT FOOD CARE PROGRAM. ![]() Bi-weekly socialization allows parents to build their understanding of parenting and community engagement. Qualified family advocates perform weekly 90-minute home visits with parents to engage them and their children. The Home Base program provides the same services as our Early Head Start program center-based operation. Development, social and educational, are our primary focus, which enhances the families’ ability to also focus on goals and self-sufficiency. SHORE UP!’s Early Head Start program focuses on children ages six weeks to three years. APPLY NOW FOR SHORE UP!’s HEAD START & EARLY HEAD START PROGRAMS. ![]() It typically includes components such as a consistent wake-up time, peaceful morning routines, breakfast, school time, playtime, lunch, structured learning time, extracurricular activities, snack time, family time, dinner, and a nighttime routine. Example Simple Daily ScheduleĪ successful daily schedule for kids encompasses various elements that address their basic needs, promote learning and development, and allow for leisure and relaxation. This helps your child develop a sense of predictability and security. Try to maintain a consistent wake-up and bedtime routine, as well as consistent times for specific activities. Maintain Consistency: Having a consistent routine is key. Consider their preferences and interests when selecting activities. This gives them a sense of ownership and empowers them to make choices within the established framework. Involve Your Child: Encourage your child's participation in creating their daily schedule. Make sure your child has enough time to eat, relax, and enjoy their meals without feeling rushed. Prioritize Mealtimes: Planning regular and consistent meal times is an integral part of any daily schedule. Consider meal times, nap times, school pick-up and drop-off, family time, and other commitments to ensure a smooth flow of activities. Younger children may require more frequent breaks and shorter activity durations, while older children may benefit from longer periods of focused time.Īccount for Family Routine: Take into account the overall family routine when designing your child's schedule, as having multiple children will require extra planning. ![]() Focus on the key elements of their day and build from there.Ĭonsider Age and Development: Tailor the schedule to your child's age and developmental stage. Avoid overwhelming your child with too many activities or rigid time constraints. Keep it Simple: Aim for a simple daily schedule that is easy to understand and follow. Design a routine that allows for adjustments while maintaining a sense of structure. Easy Tips for Creating a Simple Daily ScheduleĮasy Tips for Creating a Simple Daily Schedule ✨īy following these tips, you can create a flexible routine that works for your family while incorporating your child's preferences and considering their unique needs:Įmbrace Flexibility: Recognize that daily schedules for kids should be flexible to accommodate unexpected events and changing needs.By the end of this article, you'll have a comprehensive understanding of how to design and create a daily schedule that fosters healthy habits, nurtures your child's growth, and promotes a sense of independence! So, if you're wondering how to cultivate a balanced routine, you're in the right place. Children thrive when they have a routine that supports their physical, emotional, and intellectual development while still allowing for creativity and free expression. ![]() While it's important to provide a framework that establishes a sense of order, it's equally essential to allow room for spontaneity and exploration. ![]() A simple daily schedule helps children understand expectations, manage time effectively, and develop important life skills.Ĭreating a daily schedule for kids is an opportunity to strike the right balance between structure and flexibility. In today's fast-paced world, establishing a smooth-sailing daily routine for children can bring a sense of stability and organization to their lives. While the ionospheric plasma flow is characterized by the dawn-dusk asymmetry in geomagnetic direction and magnitude, as mentioned above, it is still unclear how much the asymmetric ionospheric pattern is projected on the thermospheric wind pattern. Ion drag at high latitudes leaves traces of the ion flow in the thermospheric wind field, but the level is variable because force balance with other terms depends on local time and latitude. This tendency has also been substantiated by the localization of the SAPS in the dusk sector (Wang et al. As illustrated in previous works on the potential pattern (e.g., Ruohoniemi and Greenwald 2005 Thomas and Shepherd 2018), the horizontal potential gradient tends to be steeper at dusk than at dawn that is, the perpendicular electric field or ion velocity at dusk tend to be larger than that at dawn. This morphological difference may be attributed to steep gradients in the ionospheric conductivity near the solar terminator line (Atkinson and Hutchison 1978) or in the auroral zone (Vasyliunas 1970). This convection pattern tends to have more crescent-shaped cell at dawn and more round-shaped cell at dusk (Ruohoniemi and Greenwald 2005 Thomas and Shepherd 2018). Statistical analyses of the ionospheric ion velocity have revealed the dawn-dusk asymmetry of the ionospheric convection pattern. In keeping the wind streamline, the thermospheric stream crosses over the auroral latitudes in the midnight-dawn sector and transfers molecular-rich air from auroral latitudes to lower latitudes (Prölss 1993). In the polar cap region, both ionospheric and thermospheric flows are approximately anti-sunward. This is because equatorward flows are dominant in the thermosphere from midnight to dawn under a geostrophic force balance (Förster et al. 1987 Killeen and Roble 1988 Förster et al. In the dawn sector, the ionospheric plasma flow at auroral latitudes is mainly eastward, but the eastward thermospheric wind is hardly seen in measurements, even during periods of high geomagnetic activity (Thayer et al. Westward ion flows in the dusk cell of an ionospheric plasma convection at auroral latitudes and the subauroral polarization streams (SAPS) induce westward acceleration of the thermospheric wind by ion drag (Conde et al. Changes in the wind pattern from the geomagnetically quiet conditions become clearer with enhancements in geomagnetic activity. The wind patterns at F-region altitudes during periods of geomagnetically quiet conditions can be represented by the pressure gradient associated with solar radiation and geostrophic force balance induced by the Coriolis and centrifugal forces. While ions are minor species in the upper atmosphere or partially ionized plasma, the presence of ionized gas substantially affects the thermospheric wind. Thermospheric wind dynamics at high latitudes are significantly affected by ionospheric plasma motions through particle collisions between ions and neutrals, which is known as ion drag. This is the first study to report a dawn-dusk asymmetry of the thermospheric wind acceleration feature and signatures of the eastward wind acceleration at dawn by ion drag. Deviations from the quiet-time wind presented similar patterns in the direction with the ionospheric plasma convection but were larger in magnitude at dusk than at dawn. ![]() With an increase in the geomagnetic activity level, the thermospheric wind turned over from eastward to westward at dusk and increased the equatorward magnitude from midnight to dawn. The quiet-time wind pattern can be expected to be represented by a pressure gradient associated with the solar radiation and a geostrophic force balance. The measurements were sorted by a SuperMAG (SME) index, and a quiet-time wind pattern was defined as an hourly mean under SME ≤ 40 nT. We performed a statistical analysis of the thermospheric wind measurements with a Fabry–Perot interferometer (FPI 630 nm wavelength) in Tromsø, Norway, in the winter months for 9 years. Ion drag associated with the ionospheric plasma convection plays an important role in the high-latitude thermospheric dynamics, yet changes in the thermospheric wind with geomagnetic activity are not fully understood. |
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